Company Analysis L Brands Essay - 1580 Words

L Brands is a specialty retailer focusing on women’s apparel, personal care, and beauty products. Their major brands include Victoria’s Secret and Bath and Body works. L Brands, like all companies, has developed a strategy that they believe will help them be successful. A firm’s strategy encompasses its specific goals, the actions or policies to achieve these goals, and the allocation of its resources to these actions and policies. Firms try to develop a strategy that they believe will help them gain a competitive advantage over other firms in the industry. A competitive advantage is the ability of a firm to consistently earn profits above the industry average. A DuPont Analysis of a firm and its competitors helps to determine whether a firm is experiencing a competitive advantage. A DuPont Analysis shows the Return on Equity (ROE) of a firm. This is a good measure of its profitability. DuPont Analyses also provide a breakdown of ROE to examine the sourc e of any profitability. L Brands employs a benefit strategy. This means that they attempt to provide the best benefits to their customers without necessarily focusing on keeping price down. They say that they are not selling products, they are selling experiences. They do this largely by focusing on providing high quality in-store experiences and utilizing persuasive advertising. They make use of in-store marketing images, music, and helpful sales associates to reinforce what their brand represents. This hasShow MoreRelatedCompetitor Analysis : Marketing Planning Process1406 Words   |  6 Pagesto analyse their competitor s strategies. Competitor analysis is a vital part of the marketing planning process. A strong competitor can hinder business success, even lead to business failure. Competitor analysis helps firms to anticipate their competitor s actions and exploit competitor s weaknesses. It also helps firms to identify their firm s unique selling points, so that these ca n be promoted in marketing campaigns. Competitor analysis is an ongoing task, as successful competitors will continuouslyRead MoreL ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal Nederland B.V.1602 Words   |  7 PagesL ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal Nederland B.V. Pertinent Facts L ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal is the largest cosmetics company in the world. In 1992 the L ¡Ã‚ ¦Oreal Group was the largest cosmetics manufacturer in the world. They are Headquartered in Paris, it have subsidiaries in over 100 countries. In 1992, its sales were $6.8 billion (a 12% over 1991) and net profits were $417 million (a 14% increase). France contributed 24% of total worldwide sales. Europe (both western and eastern countries, excluding France) provided 42%, and the U.SRead MoreStarbucks Case Analysis Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesSubject: Starbucks Case Analysis Having been through the great expansion and the economic depression, Starbucks has become one of the most valuable brands in the world by its ability to immediately distinguish consumers’ needs and fulfill those needs with extraordinary services. In other words, Howard Schultz has made Starbucks the solution to consumers’ unsatisfied need, which gives the brand a strong positioning that not only benefits the company, but also creates customer value. However,Read MoreForner Company890 Words   |  4 PagesManAcc Forner Carpet Company The case of Forner Carpet Company was about determining break-even points. This case requires to determine the appropriate price for a product in the market where the company is not a price leader. Forner Carpet Company, the market leader in high-grade carpet materials, plans to expand/diversify its production, and replace its equipment, hence, a need for fresh capital. In order to support this endeavour, Forner imposed a price increase on its L-42 product to boost incomeRead MoreL S Swot Analysis1091 Words   |  5 Pages 2. PRICE COMPARISON OF LT PRODUCTS WITH ROMA, LEGRAND AND GM: Aim: To understand the pricing of same category products of LT with other brands like ROMA, LEGRANDS AND GM. Observation: PRODUCT CATEGORY ROMA Per unit price (in RS) LEGRANDS Per unit price (in RS) GM Per unit price (in RS) LT Per unit price (in RS) 1-way switches 109 140 54 101 2/3pin socket (6A) 153 260 127 162 120w fan regulator 541 798 410 615 GI metal box-8M(H) 165 216 154 188 Cover plate with grid frame(H) 163 298 196 215Read MoreMarketing Analysis : Executive Officer1594 Words   |  7 PagesInternal Analysis Management Team Indra Nooyi serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of PepsiCo. Nooyi was named President and CEO in 2006 and became a member of the Board in 2007. Nooyi has been with PepsiCo since 1994. Before becoming President in 2006, Nooyi served as the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of PepsiCo Other members of management include: John Banner (Executive Vice President, Communications), Oswald Barckhahn (President, North American Nutrition)Read MorePorter Five Forces Model950 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness establishment. It was formed by Michael E. Porter of the Harvard Business School between 1979 and the mid 1980’s. Porter developed the Five Forces model in opposition to the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, environmental opportunities, threats) analysis that was an industry standard for businesses to determine how they compared to other businesses in a certain market or if there was opportunity to expand into different markets. Porter’s Five Forces Model: an overview Porter’s Five Forces ModelRead MoreThe Branding Strategy of Gatorade: An Analysis1449 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Part I: Research Background The ability of any marketer to align their brands with emotions and images that symbolize exceptional athletic performance, high energy, and prowess in sports and in life will succeed. This is especially the case when the branding strategy is strongly supported by an exceptionally effective research and development (RD) strategy, in addition to having exceptional control over quality, distribution and the entire customer experiences. Gatorade today holds over 75%Read MoreEssay about Managing Organization and Leading People800 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease other capacity of learn and motivate other for a better part of the team. 2) Strengths – When a leader meet a person, the leader can analyze that the person is beneficial for the company or not and decide its hiring into the company 3) Managing – The leader can Manage any change in the company structure, provide problem solving skills, provide decision making skills and taking risk in innovating new ideas Discuss how the current leadership has affected organizational culture ? Read MoreAnalysis of the Marketing Mix for Gatorade1270 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Analysis of the Marketing Mix for Gatorade Introduction Gatorade is a flagship brand of PepsiCo and has a commanding 75% market share of the sports nutrition beverage marketplace globally, being sold into 80 different countries according to the latest PepsiCo annual report published in late 2011. Gatorades success in branding and product marketing has actually expanded the global market for sports nutrition beverages during the late 1990s and into the 21rst century. Recently however the company

The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 1720 Words

Throughout our country’s history, there have been several instances in which minorities, and native groups have been victims of our country’s people and government, as well as policies that our government has enacted. Some of these policies and treatments have made them very vulnerable and victims to barbaric and inhumane treatment at the hands of the â€Å"true† American people. Slavery in America is a prime example of these type of government policies and inhumane treatment of other groups who deserve the same rights as us â€Å"Americans do†. While most focus on how Slavery dehumanized the slaves themselves, it also dehumanized the people who owned, worked, and dealt with the slaves: The American People. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, Douglass illustrates, quite graphically, though appropriately, through his own personal experiences the brutality and violence of life as a slave, but also how it dehumanized both th e slaves and the whites using masterful imagery. As Douglass says about one of his slave owners, â€Å"Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tiger-like fierceness.† (Pg. 52) This was true for many more people than just his mistress. Dehumanizing slaves begins from the moment they are born or bought as slave holders and the general white population deny slaves and bonds with their family, education, andShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential me ans of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciat ion for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass1583 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experienc es of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery beforeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass939 Words   |  4 PagesRevolutionary Freedom In 1845, an African-American man named Frederick Douglass released a thought-provoking autobiography that would become a turning point in revolutionary change. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was the first autobiography Douglass had written focusing on the real life struggles he has faced during his time spent in bondage. During his time, it was not common for an African-American to have the skills to read and write, and it was especially uncommon to publish

Human Resource Management Hewitt Associates

Question: Task 1: Written Report For this task, consider the following situations in order to complete the question below: Situation 1 Due to the volume of new staff required, the decision has been made to retain the services of an HR Consultancy Firm who will be seeking to assist in providing Inductions, WHS training, and HR advice and service training in line with BEST Pearls preferred methodology. This HR Consultancy Firm is known as Hewitt Associates and they are one of the world's leading HR consulting and outsourcing companies. Hewitt Associates (https://www.hewittassociates.com/), have appointed Mr Richard Mayall as the Client Manager looking after BEST Pearls, and he will be handling ongoing negotiations between BEST Pearls and Hewitt Associates. BEST Pearls will shortly be engaging in correspondence with Hewitt Associates to arrange any necessary Service Level Agreement(s). However, before this occurs, you will need to look over the current direction and strategy of BEST Pearls and identify any other weaknesses/threats that may be faced or need to be addressed. Situation 2 BEST Pearls is now in a position to go ahead and retain the services of Hewitt Associates. You have contacted Mr Mayall and he has indicated that Hewitt Associate will be well placed to assist BEST Pearls as soon as there is an agreement in place which is satisfactory to both parties. You have been appointed the task of arranging a Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the two parties for the provision of Employment Contract Advice, Inductions and initial OHS training for new starters. (A) Establish a service level agreement* (SLA) between BEST Pearls and their HR solutions provider, Hewitt Associates. Your SLA will need to include the service specifications, performance standards and timeframes required from the agreement.(B) (Linking from Assessment One) Develop the human resources strategies and services for BEST Pearls employees and its HR provider, Hewitt Associates.(C) Identify and design training support for BEST Pearls employees, considering the organisations goals and strategies.(D) Develop tools to monitor the quality of training provided by Hewitt Associates, including actions to rectify under-performance.(E) Outline the confidentiality requirements associated with this HR-related SLA.(F) Briefly outline and identify the advantages in using Hewitt Associates services. Task 2: Create a Feedback Survey (A) Acting as the HR Manager, you have been asked to design a client feedback survey that Hewitt Associates could use to determine the level of satisfaction that BEST Pearls feel towards the SLA.You will need to consider the purpose of this survey by Hewitt Associates (to analyse feedback and adopt possible changes recommended by BEST Pearls), including:1. Approvals to variations in service delivery between Hewitt Associates and BEST Pearls;2. Change of processes across the organisation;(B) Design an employees feedback form to determine the level of satisfaction of the training provided by the HR provider, considering any benefits for their improvement. Answers: Task 1 Written Report (A) Service Level Agreement Statement of Intent The aim of this agreement is to provide a basis of close cooperation between Best Pearls and Hewitt Associates for HR consultancy services to be provided by Hewitt Associates to Best Pearls to ensure services are delivered in a timely and efficient manner. This agreement is contingent on each party knowing and fulfilling their responsibilities and working in a manner that creates an environment conducive to the achievement and maintenance of targeted service levels. Service Specifications Hewitt Associated will provide the following services: Service Type Description of Service Response Time Performance Standards Employment Contact Advice Ensuring that the contract of employment and associated paperwork in relation to employees is completed accurate and in a timely manner (Snell Bohlander, 2012). Within 48 hours Services provided within specified timeframe and to expected quality. Employee Feedback about the quality of response provided Advice amendments as and when required. With 24 hours Handle employee queries related to employment contract Within 24 Hours Inductions Book induction events. Within 48 hours of the joining date of new employees Induction for new hires started on the third day of joining. Events were well informed to employees and trainers. All training materials were available. Feedback provided by employees after the induction session was completed Confirm Trainers availability Before 24 hours the induction is scheduled Ensure that schedule is effectively communicated to employees Before 24 hours the induction is scheduled Ensure all training materials and other necessities are available Before 24 hours the induction is scheduled Ensure adequate number of feedback forms are available Before the end of induction session Ensure that employee feedbacks is collected Within 48 hours of competition of induction Initial OHS Training Book Training events Within 5 days of completion of induction All activities are performed within defined time frame. Feedback received from the employees undergoing the training. Confirm trainers availability Before 24 hours the training is scheduled Effectively communicate Schedule to new hires Before 48 hours the training is scheduled Ensure all material related to policies and procedures for effective management of Health and Safety are referred in-details Before 24 hours the induction is scheduled Drills related to Health and Safety are properly organised and communicated Within 2 days the OHS training is completed Within 2 days the OHS drills are completed Feedback related to OHS training is collected Client Responsibility: The client undertakes to provide Hewitt Associates with necessary information and support as an when required and make them aware of related issues that come up as soon as reasonably practicable (Pattanayak, 2005). They must promptly respond to requests for training and development. (B) Human Resource Strategies and Services Human resource is considered the most precious asset for an organisation (Armstrong, 2011). An effective HR strategy is important to ensure high performance and overall productivity (Bhatia, 2007). BEST Pearls is looking forward to hire Hewitt Associates as an external HR consultant who will be responsible for provision of Employment Contract Advice, Initial OHS training and induction for new starters. BEST Pearls looks forward to develop an environment where all employees are encouraged to learn and develop. They want to ensure that right people are attracted, maintained and retained in order to achieve desired organisational goals. Hewitt Associate as an external HR consultancy will ensure that BEST pearls have updated information related to Employment Contracts and adequate changes are made as and when needed. They will be responsible for ensuring that all activities related to induction and initial OHS trainings of newly hired employees is conducted in a timely and effective manner. (C) Training Support for BEST Pearls employees A training support comprises of a schedule of activities ensuring that training goals are met, learning objectives, methods, subject areas, trainees, trainers, locations and methods of assessment (Deb, 2006). Training support for induction of BEST Perals employees is shown below: 1. Getting information on the numbers of new hires to be trained.2. Booking rooms and needed training materials.3. Booking timeslots from trainers (in case of induction trainers include companies top executives who will brief the new hires about company and its processes) (Lawler Boudreau, 2009).4. Ensuring needed training materials are ready ( hard and soft copies)5. Informing the schedules to new hires.6. Ensuring assessment materials and Feedback survey materials are ready.7. Ensuring that training are conducted effectively as scheduled. (D) Tools to monitor quality of training There are a number of tools that can help monitor quality of training delivered by Hewitt Associates (Wilson, 2005). Checklist for supervisory visits can be effectively used in the given case. Checklist will contain following questions: 1. Ratio of learners to facilitators; total number of new hirers attending the sessions (Holbeche, 2012)2. Time allocated for workshops 3. Frequency of questions asked and answers delivered as per expectations4. Frequency of assessments and timely delivery of results (E) Confidentiality requirements Hewitt Associates will ensure confidentiality of the employee information and important materials/documents furnished by BEST Pearls is preserved and protected (Cooper Burke, 2011). (F) Benefits of using Hewitt Associates services Hewitt Associates is one of the worlds leading HR consulting and outsourcing company. They provide their services globally in more than 120 countries (Aon Plc, 2015). They have years of experience in HR field and have around 66,000 talented employees serving customers of different types and sizes. Their customer-oriented approach makes them the best choice for BEST Pearls. Task 2 Create a Feedback Survey (A) Client Feedback Survey The below mentioned questions must be rated in scale range of 1-3; 1- Strongly disagree2- Neither Agree nor Disagree3- Strongly Agree Overall, the service level Agreement meets the expectation of BEST Pearls.1- 2- 3- Service level targets are effectively reflected and meet expectations. 1- 2- 3- The services offered in the agreement compare to your ideal service.1- 2- 3- Are there any recommendations that can help improve the response time, quality and processes mentioned in the agreement? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Based on your recommendations will changes of processes across the organisation be accepted as and when required? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (B) Employees Feedback Survey The below mentioned questions must be rated in scale range of 1-5; 1: All of the time 2- Most of the time3- Some of the time4- Hardly ever5- Never Services 1 2 3 4 5 Trainings schedules are well informed Trainers are knowledgeable, interactive and encouraging Materials and documents used are up to the mark Purpose behind the session is clear Trainers encourage you to ask questions Answers provided are satisfactory Training is conducted as scheduled Any changes are well-informed References Aon Plc. (2015). Aon. Retrieved 2015, from Aon: https://www.aon.com/about-aon/company-overview.jsp Armstrong, M. (2011). Armstrong's Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Bhatia, S. (2007). Strategic Human Resource Management : Winning Through People. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications. Cooper, C. L., Burke, R. J. (2011). Human Resource Management in Small Business: Achieving Peak Performance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Deb, T. (2006). Strategic Approach to Human Resource Management. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers Dist. Holbeche, L. (2012). Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy. New Jersey: Routledge. Lawler, E., Boudreau, J. W. (2009). Achieving Excellence in Human Resources Management (Stanford University Press ed.). Stanford. Pattanayak, B. (2005). Human Resource Management. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Snell, S., Bohlander, G. (2012). Managing Human Resources. New York: Cengage Learning. Wilson, J. P. (2005). Human Resource Development: Learning Training for Individuals Organizations. London: Kogan Page Publishers.

Key Perspectives of Psychology free essay sample

Psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behaviour through scientific investigation. It studies both humans and animals. It relates to who we are as human beings, our capacity to think, reason and understand how life really works, it even throws light on the stresses we face. As infants we are unable to survive without others, we learn to adapt socially from the moment we are born. As a result of this social interaction we develop a sense of self. We learn to communicate, verbally and non verbally, and develop shared beliefs to create a sense of society and e rely on mutual understanding to co exist. There are 3 key perspectives, Behaviourism, Psychodynamics and Humanism. Each has its own assumptions and explanations and each investigates/researches using different techniques eg Surveys, Questionnaires, Lab Experiments and Counselling. Behaviourism Behaviourists focus on understanding how and why behaviour happens. Either a theory seeks confirmation through experimentation or a general law is derived by a variety of data. It uses scientific experiments that are observable and measurable, no speculation about mental processes is made. Main concepts: Classical conditioning Learning comes from association and experience. Reflexes and instincts can be conditioned to respond to neutral stimuli eg sound, sight, smell. Operant conditioning From reactions (consequences) to experiences, humans and animals learn to avoid or embrace those experiences. The responses are voluntary not reflex. Operants can be Reinforcers, positive and negative and Punishers. Social learning theory Learning is developed by observing peoples behaviours and attitudes and how they are received by others. It attempts to understand the exchange and interaction between behavioural and environmental effects and tries to explain moral evelopment. Pavlovs dogs (Mcleod, S. A. 2007) (Source http://science. howstuffworks. com/environmental/life/zoology/mammals/dog- trainingl . ntm) Pavlov used classical conditioning to create a conditioned retlex response (salivation in expectation of food) from a neutral stimulus (bell). The bell was associated with the food by introducing them together. He found that a higher order of conditioning was possible, and a second neutral stimulus could be associated with the first conditioned stimulus Eg A buzzer which buzzs at the same time as the bell. Stimulus discrimination occurred with sounds similar to the bell. Extinction may happen and dogs may lose the association with the bell after a time without food being introduced, and spontaneous recovery can develop later. Humans can be classically conditioned to a higher degree and therefore it can be used to desensitise and treat phobias conditioning them by associating them with posititve stimuli. Advertisers use conditioning to sell products. Unethically, Nestle, whose baby milk ads associated better health and well being of babies with bottle milk, conditioned 3rd world mothers to use their costly products instead of healthier and free breast-milk. Skinners (Mcleod, S. A. 2007) (Source http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/operant_conditioning_chamber) Skinner discovered operant conditioning using rats in a box. He used a positive stimulus (food) to encourage the rats to push a lever to get more food by positive reinforcement which strengthened their behaviour. The rat had learned that its behaviour had consequences. Negative reinforcement meant that they learned to push the lever to stop an electric current, this reward also strengthened its behaviour. Punishment, either giving an electric shock or removing food, weakened behaviour and rats stopped pushing the lever. Operant conditioning is often used to modify the behaviour of children at home or in schools using rewards eg if the child behaves well they receive sweets; or punishment eg if the child misbehaves they are told to go to their room. Students also learn new skills at college using suitable positive and negative reinforcement eg distinction grades (positive) or less homework (negative) for work well done. Businesses need sales to maintain growth, however a stimulus of high commissions on sales may positively reinforce the behaviour of selling unsuitable or overpriced products. Both case studies used good scientific methods, with observable behaviour and objective measurements giving reliable results. Additionally, the experiments can be repeated for experimental validity. The theory is easily applied to use in therapy in humans. However, animals used human complexities (like freewill, memory, of genes and hormones)were not taken into account. The lab conditions were unnatural compared with a real life environment and lacked ecological validity. Indeed, Pavlov needed to operate on the dogs to insert tubes into the salivary glands. Both case studies raise issues with ethics: cages/boxes hich restrict movement, causing pain with electric currents. Animal experimentation is considered unethical now. Psychodynamic perspective Psychodynamics encompasses the work of Freud and his followers eg Carl Jung, Erikson. It studies the relationship between conscious and unconscious motivations and the dynamics ot personality. It assumes that we are unaware ot most ot what controls our behaviour (unconscious mind) but that all behaviour has a cause/reason (deterministic). Freud (1865-1939) posed that different parts of the unconscious mind are in constant struggle, that our defence mechanisms (eg repression, regression, enial, projection) allow us to distort/deny reality, and that we all have sexual energy (libido). Freuds work revolved around the importance of cognitive behaviour in the first few years of life and its influence on normal or abnormal development of personality. He conceived mind as composed of 3 major systems, the d, the ego and the superego: which develop as we grew over 5 psychosexual stages. The ld innate and fully unconscious. Driven by the pleasure principal, striving for instant gratification or avoidance of pain, it takes no account others desires or societys customs. The Ego develops in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious. Awareness of ourselves and improper desires develop. Ego reasons with the id to ensure impulses are controlled. The Superego functions mainly in the unconscious. Consisting of the ego-ideal, telling us the rules of good behaviour, what we should be or do, and the conscience, telling us what is bad according to society, and what not to do or be. The 5 psychosexual stages: Oral, Anal , Phallic ,Latency, Genital. development-theory#) (Source: http://knol. google. com/k/human- Adult sexuality does not develop in everyone. Freud believed that to develop a healthy personality, the id, the ego, and the superego must be balanced, and all emotional issues must be resolved at each stage. Psychopathology results if an individual does not pass through the stages and becomes fixated. For example, a person fixated at the oral stage could, among other things, exhibit symptoms of obsessive eating or smoking in adult life, anal fixation, which may be caused by too much punishment during toilet training, has two possible outcomes: the anal retentive or anal expulsive personality. Little Hans (Mcleod, S. A. 2008) Freud suggested that the cause of his phobia was that his early experiences with his father developed into emotional conflicts, and these conflicts were unresolved (stuck in the phallic stage) and showing signs of displacement redirecting emotions to a substitute target (the horse was a symbol for his father). Freud concluded that the boy focused his libido (sexual energy) on his mother and was afraid that his father would castrate him for desiring her Oedipus complex. This case study was particularly useful in revealing and treating the origins of abnormal behaviour. It provided a very in-depth picture producing lots of qualitative ata. In fact Freud argued that it was the special relationship between Hans and his father that allowed the discussions with the boy to be so detailed and so intimate. This aided in the understanding and the helping and treatment of Little Hans. Rat-Man dames Strachey Freud diagnosed Ernst as having an obsessional neurosis and he traced it back to childhood and discovered he had unresolved issues from the Genital stage. When Ernst was young he had taken part in sexual foreplay with his nanny, according to Freud this resulted in associating of sexual pleasure with fear of punishment. It was a face to face analysis and Freud was able to observe any anxieties, there was dialogue where he could immediately probe more deeply at the appropriate times. However, it can be intimidating and difficult discussing embarrassing or frightening issues, and may lead to fabrications or omissions. Generally, Psychodynamic approach is unscientific. Psychodynamic concepts are highly subjective and cannot be verified. It is impossible to see inside the mind so the theories cannot be proved wrong. These case studies are based on studying one person in detail and even when analysis is done on more than one, his patients have very narrow age and society range, it is difficult to make generalisations about a wider population. It is also too deterministic and doesnt give enough credence to free will. Humanism This approach studies the whole person, not only through the eyes of the observer but also through the person doing the behaviour. It believes that behaviour is connected to inner feeling and self. It is the third force of psychology developed by Maslow (19430 and Rogers (1946 ) (Mcleod, S. A. (2007). Humanism focuses more on the personality and human potential and depicts an optimistic view of life; only positives (eg happiness, love) hould be considered. It assumes that all humans are born with healthy functional minds (opposite to Freuds dysfunctional beliefs) and questions what people think is important, or what motivates them. It emphasises that we have freewill to choose our destiny and that we are all individuals. The world is perceived in a unique phenomenological way. Our growth, achievement of potential, and resilience to survive drives us forward. Humanists view the objective, scientific method and study of animals as inappropriate since it regards humans as too complex to be studied this way, no two perceive the world the same way. It believes psychology should study the individual case rather than the average of a group. Maslow He created what is known as the hierarchy of needs pyramid (Source nttp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Maslows_nierarcny_ot_needs) Each stage snows the needs and wants a person should have. Maslow argued you must go through each one in turn to reach the top and therefore self-actualise, and have a healthy personality. He categorised them into 2 areas: 1. Basic needs physiological safety love/belonging 2. Higher needs esteem self-actualisation. The basic needs contain what Maslow called deficiency needs. When these deficiency needs are not met, the body will exhibit a physical indication eg anxiousness or hunger. Maslows theory suggests the basic needs must be satisfied before an individual can begin to reach their higher needs. Higher needs (Metamotivation) describes the motivation that people have after they have gratified their basic needs so we strive to reach our full potential. He believed if we met all of these needs we would be perfectly content and happy. Carl Rogers Rogers agreed with most of what Maslow believed, but added that in order to grow and achieve our potential, our environment will influence us. To self-actualise, we eek for our environment to provide the right experiences, and the acceptance and understanding of others. He developed the client-centered theory which places more emphasis on how individuals move toward positive growth when the proper conditions (experiences) are in place. Clients who are provided with the right conditions e acceptance and understanding from others, realise their actualising tendencies and explore what difficulties they may have, giving them a clearer picture of themselves and their potential, thus moving them toward self-actualization. The clients were able to act in ways appropriate to their true self (congruence). This in turn leads to self-confidence, ability to make better choices and even more understanding of self. One of the methods is Q-Sort assessment: (Source http:// allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/humanistic_research. html) Using Q-Sort, a therapist can tell how a person is progressing throughout the treatment, it compares where a person is relative to where he wants to be. A healthy person is one whos ideal of self and true self are similar There are applications of Q-Sort methods : Insurance companies, supermarkets often ask you to fill out a questionaire to rank a eries of statements, how much would you would like to buy X, what was your experience of Y eg your treatment by the customer service department. A holiday company who want to find out the places you like to go and why. An incentive can be offered to get you to spend the time filling out the questionnaire. Humanist methods (qualitative research) can be used by political parties to find out what policies a voter wants. It is also used for motivational courses in companies. However, these methods only reflect an individualistic, selfish outlook and do not take in to account the views of others or social motivations. Moreover, humanistic optimistic approach can not explain the horrors people intlict on each other. Its rejection ot scientific methodology brings significant criticism. It was developed specifically within western cultures and therefore the findings cannot be extrapolated to other cultures. Do basic needs have to be satisfied before higher needs? No, there many examples of people putting their higher needs first eg in concentration camps people still helped others despite their own need for food not being satisfied, homeless may prefer to spend benefits on alcohol or gambling. We operate on different levels at the same ime and not all that motivates us is conscious. Therefore, in conclusion, no one perspective explains all the complexities of the human psyche. They contradict, over lap, and even corroborate one another. They criticise each others approaches eg Behaviourists on Humanists lack of scientific methods. In present day Psychology, a combination of all three is needed to achieve the most conclusive results.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays (650 words) - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill A Mockingbird I've never been to Alabama, but novelist Harper Lee made me feel as if I had been there in the long, hot summer of 1935, when a lawyer named Atticus Finch decided to defend an innocent black man accused of a horrible crime. The story of how the whole town reacted to the trial is told by the lawyer's daughter, Scout, who remembers exactly what it was like to be eight years old in 1935, in Macomb, Alabama. Scout is the reason I loved this book, because her voice rings so clear and true. Not only does she make me see the things she sees, she makes me feel the things she feels. There's a lot more going on than just the trial, and Scout tells you all about it. A man called Boo Radley lives next door. Very few people have ever seen Boo, but Scout and her friends have a lot of fun telling scary stories about him. The mystery about Boo Radley is just one of the reasons you want to keep turning the pages to find out what happens in To Kill a Mockingbird. Scout and her big brother, Jem, run wild and play games and have a great time while their father is busy with the trial. One of their friends is a strange boy called Dill. Actually Dill isn't really so strange once you get to know him. He says things like I'm little but I'm old, which is funny but also pretty sad, because some of the time Dill acts more like a little old man than a seven?year?old boy. To Kill a Mockingbird is filled with interesting characters like Dill, and Scout makes them all seem just as real as the people in your own hometown. Here's how Scout describes Miss Caroline, who wore a red?striped dress: She looked and smelled like a peppermint drop. Dill, Boo, and Jem are all fascinating, but the most important character in the book is Scout's father, Atticus Finch. You get the idea that Scout is writing the story down because she wants the world to know what a good man her dad was, and how hard he tried to do the right thing, even though the deck was stacked against him. The larger theme of the story is about racial intolerance, but Scout never tries to make it a lesson, it's simply part of the world she describes. That's why To Kill a Mockingbird rings true, and why it all seems so real. The trial of the wrongly accused Tom Robinson takes place during the time of segregation, when black people were not allowed to socialize with white people. In that era, when a white man said a black man committed a crime, the black man was presumed to be guilty. The law required that they have a trial, but everybody knew the defendant was going to be convicted. Atticus Finch, the quiet hero of the book, tries to persuade the jury that bigotry is wrong. His words are eloquent and heartfelt. He demonstrates that Tom Robinson couldn't possibly have assaulted the victim. Atticus even reveals the identity of the real villain, which enrages a very dangerous enemy. This act of courage endangers not only Atticus Finch but his family as well. They become the target of hate mongers and bigots. Even though the story took place many years ago, you get the idea that parts of it could happen today, in any town where people distrust and fear each other's differences. In a just world an innocent man should be found not guilty. But if you want to know what this particular jury finally decides and what happens to Scout, Jem, Dill, and Boo Radley and the rest of the people who live and breathe in To Kill a Mockingbird, you'll have to read the book! Book Reports

Goverment policy and perfect competetion

Goverment policy and perfect competetion How efficient the economy is operating largely depends on the level of the competition in the market. Level of competition in economic theory is divided into three different categories, named the perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Barriers of entry is one of the key points to distinguish the difference between the levels, thus it is, to a certain extent, the authorities' main task to keep the entry barriers low, where the market can operate efficiently, but it does not mean the monopolistic market structure is always inefficient. This essay will compare both form of structures and discuss the competition policies and the importance of lowering the barriers of entry. It refers to the work of Anderton, Sloman, Hanson and other economists.Perfect competition in a market consists of many small firms selling identical products and services. Because there are so many firms involved, it makes no difference to the buyer where he/she purchases from.English: Diagram showing that it is possible that ...Demand is perfectly elastic and the firm is price taker - since the companies individually produce a very small percentage of the total industry output, they have no influence on the market price. They can only accept the prevailing market price. In order to maximise its profit, the firm will produce at a quantity where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, i.e. the price. Although in the short run, if the price is higher or lower than average cost, there will be a supernormal profit or an economic loss accordingly, because of complete freedom of costless entry and exit for firms and all producers' and consumers' perfect knowledge of the market, either of them will be eliminated by competition, leaving no incentive for firms to either enter or quit the market. And the long run equilibrium under perfect competition keeps market price at the level...

MGT230. Leadership and Organization Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT230. Leadership and Organization - Coursework Example The motivating factor of teachers is that education is a call and gives them an opportunity to impart knowledge to the society. On the other hand, theologians consider their profession as a God’s call. Thus, they are interested in serving God. Meanwhile, the social worker is motivated to serve the vulnerable, disabled, poor and disadvantaged people in the society. This is what motivates people to pursue these courses even if they do not offer attractive remuneration packages. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory can be effectively applied in the motivation of employees in a workplace. Employees, just like any other human being, have needs that need to be satisfied in a progressive manner beginning from the most basic to those that are not. Having said this, I would like to say that safety, belonging, esteem and actualization needs are most closely linked to the notion that pay is actually a good motivator. This is due to the fact that their satisfaction motivates people to continue working hard to satisfy higher needs (Carver, 2012). However, I would like to state that physiological needs can be closely associated to the claim that pay is not a good motivator. Since it is the most basic, employees will not have the urge of improving their productivity because they do not expect any increment in their salaries. After all, it is assured regardless of the level of productivity. According to Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory, motivation of employees is determined by two factors: motivators and hygiene factors. Whereas motivators help in boosting the productivity of employees, the hygiene factors does exactly the opposite. Meaning, it does not motivate, but demoralizes the workers. So, the statement that pay is a good motivator is supported by the motivators (ShaCofer, 2012). As explained, pay is a true motivator because it motivates employees and enables them to improve their productivity. As a motivating factor, when

Peter N. Stearns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Peter N. Stearns - Essay Example Stern opens each chapter and discussion of a new historian with perceptive beginning and background information that helps to set the historian in a better framework than if it were not to appear. Apart from this, his presence is untraceable, which attests to his ability as a historian himself to remain isolated from his work. Peter N. Stearns is currently Heinz Professor of History and Dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Carnegie Mellon University. Professor Stearns also has the credit of being the founder along with editor of the Journal of Social History. He has published some 70 articles and fifty books. His present research is on the history of emotions and personal constraints in contemporary American and French culture (for example, weight consciousness). He also continues research in the history of public policy in areas such as social security, mental health, child direction, and infant mortality. He has long been active in developing innovative teaching methodologies, especially in the field of world history. Hulbert and Stearns identify an array of comprehensive social factors. First were demographic shifts that were changing the domestic arrangements of young parents. With the move into big cities from farms or (in the case of immigrants) from overseas, women ever more found themselves secluded from the network of mothers, aunts, and grandmothers who in the past had handed down female intelligence about infant care. Adding to the influence of the experts was, in the case of the middle class, rising prosperity: more mothers had time to become compulsive about their children, an unimaginable luxury for poor and rural women thoughtful with necessities. The experts also appealed to the public's enthrallment with being "modern." Particularly, scientists found a keen audience among extremely well-educated females, middle-class women in love with of the notion that they were raising their children in partnership with up-to-date professionals. In this respect, the allegedly outdated ideas of the preceding generation became a subject for eye-rolling. In 1917, one authority only half-jokingly suggested titling a chapter of his book, "The Elimination of the Grandmother." According to a 1940 poll referred to by Stearns, a good number of parents thought it essential to raise their children differently from how they themselves had been raised. This result would undoubtedly hold today as well. Fueling the stable need for a feeling of up-to-dateness has been the regularity with which child-care experts have claimed to make ever new, breakthrough discoveries. All the way through the 20th century there was a regular flow: new categories of childhood, new pledges, and new fields of specialty. In 1904, G. Stanley Hall published a two-volume thesis on "adolescence" that among other things introduced the word itself into daily parlance. By the 1920's, experts had come up with terminologies like "preschooler" and "toddler," each accompanied by its own theories and suggested techniques. Our own day's contribution to progress has been the detection of such hitherto unheard of creatures as "tweens" and "emerging adults." Apart from the sociological pressures, one very good reason that a good number of parents embraced modern theory is that it was saving young lives. At the

Fish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fish - Essay Example The success of tilapia fishing has been its profitable aspect due to its omnivorous feeding habits, its rapid growth that allow high populations in the ponds, its high tolerance level allows the species to be harvested in large quantity (Halweil and Mastny, 56). The reason for tilapia farming is that its farming helps in the acquirement of Omega 6 and Omega 3 that are so important in the human body. Tilapia farming has also helped to reduce the disease occurrence of the fish species. Tilapia population in the world is around 1,500000 metric tonnes. Trout fish are a native fish of the north west America parts, but in the recent days they have been introduced into the rest of the world. The most cultivated trout are the rainbow trout due to its hardy species. It has been a successful farming because of the tolerability of the fish species in a wide range of temperatures (0-27ÌŠ C), trout fish are also farmed due to their ability to survive in fresh water. The population of trout in Britain is 16000 tonnes each year. The farming of trout in ponds and cages in the world has really helped in controlling its wild population because wild trout help in cleaning the river streams and oxygenation of the water (Halweil and Mastny, 63). Carp fish are of many different types such as common carp, grass carp among other types. Carp fish is a native fish from the Asia and Europe. Carp fish has a hurting effect on the other wild fish, this is because they interfere with the vegetation found on the sea bed, and hence other fish starve to death or migrate to other areas (Halweil and Mastny, 67). Fish farming has had a negative effect on the environment in the world. Most of the wet areas along the coast of the planets have been dried up as most of them are cleared in order to create space for putting up a fish farm. The mangrove vegetation is cut down for easy flow of water (Halweil and Mastny 2008). It is known that fish

Case Study of Low Blood Pressure

Case Study of Low Blood Pressure Mr Jones has a BP of 90/60. Please name the appropriate health terminology in relation to his BP. Normal Range = Hypotension Low blood pressure is referred to as hypotension, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure less than 90 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) or diastolic less than 60 mmHg. A persons blood pressure reading appears as two numbers. The first and higher of the two numbers is a measure of systolic pressure or the pressure in the persons arteries when their heart beats and fills them with blood. The second number measures diastolic pressure or the pressure in the persons arteries when their heart rests between beats. A desired blood pressure is less than 120/80. In people who are considered to be healthy, low blood pressure without experiencing any symptoms is commonly not a concern and does not need to be treated. Low blood pressure may be a sign of an underlying issue, particularly in the elderly, where it might cause inadequate blood flow to their heart, vital organs, and brain. Fortunately, chronic low blood pressure without symptoms is rarely serious. Health issues may happen, however, when a persons blood pressure suddenly drops and their brain is deprived of an adequate blood and oxygen supply. The condition may lead to light-headedness or dizziness. A sudden drop in blood pressure usually happens in a person who has risen from a prone or sitting position to a standing one. When this occurs it is referred to as, postural hypotension or orthostatic hypotension. Another type of low blood pressure may happen when a person stands for extended periods of time. This is referred to as, neurally-mediated hypotension. Postural hypotension is considered to be a failure of a persons cardiovascular system or nervous system to react appropriately to sudden changes. Usually, when a person stands up, some of their blood pools in their lower extremities. If this remains uncorrected, it would cause the persons blood pressure to fall or decrease. A persons body usually compensates by sending messages to their heart to beat faster and to their blood vessels to constrict, offsetting the drop in blood pressure. If this does not happen, or does not happen quickly enough, postural hypotension is the result. Blood Pressure and Aging The risk of low and high blood pressure commonly increases as a person ages due in part to changes during the aging process. The flow of blood to a persons heart muscle and brain declines as a person ages, many times as a result of plaque build-up in their blood vessels. While the causes of low blood pressure may not always be clear, it might be associated with things such as: Heart arrhythmias Heart failure Heat exhaustion or heat stroke Hormonal issues such as an under-active thyroid, diabetes, or low blood sugar Liver disease Pregnancy Some over-the-counter drugs Some prescription medications Widening of the blood vessels Causes of Sudden Drops in Blood Pressure Sudden drops in a persons blood pressure may be life-threatening. A number of different things may cause this type of hypotension. The causes of sudden drops in blood pressure may include: A reaction to alcohol or medication Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction Heart muscle disease High body temperature Loss of blood Low body temperature Sepsis Severe dehydration from diarrhoea, vomiting, or fever People at Risk of Postural Hypotension Postural hypotension, or low blood pressure when a person stands up quickly, may happen to anyone for a number of reasons such as lack of food, dehydration, or simply being overly fatigued. It might also be influenced by a persons genetic make-up, medication, aging, psychological factors, dietary ones, or acute triggers such as allergy or infection. Postural hypotension happens most often in people who are taking medications to control high blood pressure or, hypertension. It may also be related to strong emotions, pregnancy, diabetes, or hardening of a persons arteries. Seniors are affected by postural hypotension in particular, especially seniors who experience high blood pressure or autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hypotension after eating is a common cause of dizziness or even falls. It is most common after large meals containing a lot of carbohydrates. Medical science believes it is caused by blood pooling into a persons vessels in their stomach and intestines. A number of medications are associated with postural hypotension as well. The medications may be divided into two major categories: Medications used to treat high blood pressure such as beta-blockers, diuretics, calcium-channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Medications that have hypotension as a side effect such as anti-psychotics, neuroleptics, nitrates, anti-anxiety agents, tricyclic antidepressants, sedative-hypnotics, and medications for Parkinsons disease Some causes of naturally occurring postural hypotension exist. For example, dehydration and electrolyte loss might result from vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive blood loss during menstruation, or other conditions. A persons age associated decline in blood pressure regulation is another example and is something that might worsen due to certain health conditions or medications. Some diseases may cause postural hypotension as well. Diseases such as Shy-Drager syndrome or, multiple system atrophy, nerve issues such as peripheral neuropathy or autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular disorders, nutritional diseases, or alcoholism may cause postural hypotension. Blood Pressure Ranges Listed below are the ranges for Low (Table 1) Normal (Table 2) and High (Table 3) blood pressure respectively. Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Pressure Range 90 60 Borderline Low blood Pressure 60 40 Too Low Blood Pressure 50 33 Dangerously Low Blood Pressure Table 1 Low Blood Pressure Range Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Pressure Range 130 85 High Normal Blood Pressure 120 80 Normal Blood Pressure 110 75 Low Normal Blood Pressure Table 2 Normal Blood Pressure Range If one or both numbers are usually high, you have high blood pressure (Hypertension). Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Stages of High Blood Pressure 210 120 Stage 4 180 110 Stage 3 160 100 Stage 2 140 90 Stage 1 Table 3 High Blood Pressure Range Figure 1Visual representation of Systolic and Diastolic Ranges       Age Systolic BP Diastolic BP 3-6 116 76 7-10 122 78 11-13 126 82 14-16 136 86 17-19 120 85 20-24 120 79 25-29 121 80 30-34 122 81 35-39 123 82 40-44 125 83 45-49 127 84 50-54 129 85 55-59 131 86 60+ 134 87 The average Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure is affected by age, as shown in Age Males (mmHg) Females (mmHg) 1 3 80/34 120/75 83/38 117/76 4 to 6 88/47 128/84 88/50 122/83 7 10 92/53 130/90 93/55 129/88 Table 4 Average Systolic and Diastolic Ranges of Neonates and Infants Table 5 Average Systolic and Diastolic Ranges of Children and Adults Mr Jones has a HR of 153. Please name the appropriate health terminology in relation to his HR reading. Normal Range = What is an arrhythmia? An arrhythmia is a disruption in the hearts normal electrical system which causes an abnormal or irregular heart beat for no apparent reason. Anyone can develop an arrhythmia, even a young person without a previous heart condition. However, arrhythmias are most common in people over 65 who have heart damage caused by a heart attack, cardiac surgery or other conditions. There are many types of arrhythmias, including: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Heartbeats that are too slow (bradycardia) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Heartbeats that are too fast (tachycardia) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Extra beats à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Skipped beats à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Beats coming from abnormal areas of the heart Typical symptoms Some arrhythmias may occur without any symptoms. Others may cause noticeable symptoms, such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Chest pain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Dizziness, sensation of light-headedness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fainting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fatigue à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sensation of a missed or extra heart beat à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sensation of your heart fluttering (palpitations) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Shortness of breath à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Weakness Figure 2 Location of Arterial Pulses where Heart Rate can be Detected Figure 3 Normal Heart Rate on an ECG Symptoms of Arrhythmias Symptoms of arrhythmias can vary widely from person to person. An arrhythmia may last for a few minutes, a few hours, a few days, even a few weeks at a time. Some people feel no symptoms at all. Most commonly, patients report feeling a rapid heartbeat, often described as a fluttering sensation. Depending on the severity of the arrhythmia, that may be the only symptom experienced. Others may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness or fainting. Types of Arrhythmias Arrhythmias that cause heartbeats that are too fast are called tachycardia. There are several different types of tachycardia, which are categorized by where they originate in the heart. Figure 4 Supraventricular Tachycardia Location and ECG Presentation Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is a general term describing any rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). The most common SVTs are described below. Atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib) is the most common SVT. During AF, the heartbeat produced by the atria is irregular and rapid, sometimes up to 4 times faster than normal. This impairs the hearts ability to efficiently pump blood and increases the risk of developing blood clots which can cause a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke. Atrial flutter (AFL) is similar to atrial fibrillation in that it is characterised by a rapid heartbeat, sometimes up to 4 times faster than normal that originates in the atria. It differs from atrial fibrillation (AF) in that the heartbeat is regular, not irregular. Atrial flutter also carries the risk of developing blood clots, though not as great as with AF. With atrial flutter, the electrical signal becomes trapped in the right atrium. It repeatedly travels in a circular pattern inside the right atrium, only occasionally escaping through the AV node to the ventricles. This causes your atria to beat faster than the ventricles of your heart, at rates between 150 and 450 beats each minute. Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the second most common SVT. In a normal heart, there is a single electrical pathway, or gate, called an atrioventricular node (AV node) that controls the timing and direction of the electrical signal as it travels from the upper chambers (atria) to the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. With AVNRT, an extra electrical pathway forms which allows the electrical signal to travel backward through the gate (AV Node) at the same time, starting another heartbeat. During AVNRT the electrical signals continuously go around the 2 pathways in a circular pattern called re-entry. This can lead to a very fast heart rate of 160 to 220 beats per minute. Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) is similar to AVNRT in that an extra electrical pathway is formed that allows the electrical signal to travel backward from the ventricles to the atria. However, in AVRT the extra pathway circumvents the AV node, or gate. This extra pathway around the outside of the AV node is called an accessory pathway. Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heart rate (160 to 240 beats per minute) that originates in the ventricles. It may cause the heart to become unable to pump adequate blood throughout the body. VT most often occurs in patients with underlying structural heart disease, such as ischemic heart disease. Figure 6Ventricular Fibrillation ECG Presentation Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) is a tachycardia which causes the ventricles to contract in an irregular and very rapid manner. The heart immediately loses its ability to pump blood throughout the body. VF causes immediate loss of consciousness, and is invariably fatal within minutes unless it is stopped (usually by using a defibrillator.) AGE HEART RATE (BEATS/MIN) Infant 120-160 Toddler 90-140 Preschooler 80-110 School-age child 75-100 Adolescent 60-90 Adult 60-100 Table 6 Average Heart Rate Range by Age (Rested) Mr Jones has oxygen saturations of 75%. Please name the appropriate health terminology in relation to his oxygen saturations. Normal Range = Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive and continuous method of determining the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SpO2). Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) is usually measured with a pulse oximeter placed on the finger. SpO2 is normally 95% to 100%. If the level is below 90%, it is considered low, resulting in hypoxemia. Blood oxygen levels below 80% may compromise organ function, such as the heart and brain, and should be addressed promptly. Accurate SpO2 measurements may be difficult to obtain on patients who are hypothermic, receiving IV vasopressor therapy, or experiencing hypoperfusion and vasoconstriction. Figure 9 Pulse Oximeter Oxygen Saturation Levels Severity % Saturation None/Minimal 95-100% Mild 90-94% Moderate 80-89% Severe Table 7 Oxidation (SpO2) Levels Mr Jones has a RR of 6. Please name the appropriate health terminology in relation to his RR reading. Normal Range = Slow Breathing (Bradypnoea) A slow respiratory rate is usually significant at a rate of 8 or less per minute. Often this is an emergency and requires immediate therapy. Conditions causing bradypnoea are the ingestion of drugs (such as, alcohol, narcotics, sedative-hypnotics), increased intracranial pressure from trauma and haemorrhage (pressure on the respiratory centre), severe respiratory depression (that is, CO2 narcosis) and coma from any cause. It is seen in many pre-arrest and end-stage conditions. Treatment Assisted ventilation is often required with a bag-valve-mask (BVM). Endotracheal intubation is frequently necessary. AGE RATE (BREATHS/MIN) Newborn 35-40 Infant (6 months) 30-50 Toddler (2 years) 25-32 Child 20-30 Adolescent 16-20 Adult 12-20 Table 8 Respiration Rate Range by Age Mr Jones has a temperature of 39 C. Please name the appropriate health terminology in relation to his temperature reading. Normal Range = Measurement site Mouth / Armpit Ear / forehead Rectum Low temperature Consult a doctor Normal temperature 35.9 37.0 à ¢- ¦C 35.8 36.9 à ¢- ¦C 36.3 37.5 à ¢- ¦C You are perfectly well Increased temperature 37.1 37.5 à ¢- ¦C 37.0 37.5 à ¢- ¦C 37.6 38.0 à ¢- ¦C You should get some rest Light fever 37.6 38.0 à ¢- ¦C 37.6 38.0 à ¢- ¦C 38.1 38.5 à ¢- ¦C Check your temperature regularly and rest Moderate fever 38.1 38.5 à ¢- ¦C 38.1 38.5 à ¢- ¦C 38.6 39.0 à ¢- ¦C Check your temperature regularly. Consult a doctor if you get worse or if the fever lasts for more than three days High fever 38.6 39.5 à ¢- ¦C 38.6 39.4 à ¢- ¦C 39.1 39.9 à ¢- ¦C Consult a doctor, especially if the fever lasts for more than one day Very high fever 39.6 42.0 à ¢- ¦C 39.5 42.0 à ¢- ¦C 40.0 42.5 à ¢- ¦C Go to emergency ward of a hospital Table 9 Human Body Temperature Ranges Figure 12 Centigrade and Fahrenheit Representation of Temperature Ranges and Bodily Affection Please explain what the term dysphagia means in words that MR Jones can understand. Dysphagia is another term for a swallowing disorder. A person with dysphagia may experience difficulty swallowing food, liquid and/or their saliva. Some people may be incapable of swallowing at all. Dysphagia occurs when there is a problem with any part of the swallowing process, and often is the result of a stroke. People with dysphagia often have to eat food which is softened and/or mashed and consume liquids which are thickened. Figure 15 Fluid and Food for Dysphagic Persons Please describe hemiplegia as if you were explaining what this term meant to a family member of Mr Jones and how would this impact on taking his blood pressure? What is hemiplegia? Hemiplegia (sometimes called hemiparesis) is a condition that affects one side of the body. We talk about a right or left hemiplegia, depending on the side affected. It is caused by injury to parts of the brain that control movements of the limbs, chest, face, and so forth. This may happen before, during or soon after birth (up to two years of age approximately), when it is known as congenital hemiplegia (or unilateral cerebral palsy), or later in life as a result of injury or illness, in which case it is called acquired hemiplegia. Generally, injury to the left side of the brain will cause a right hemiplegia and injury to the right side a left hemiplegia. Hemiplegia is a condition which is lifelong and non-progressive, that is they do not get worse. How does hemiplegia occur? Acquired hemiplegia results from brain injury. The most common cause is a stroke (when a bleed or blood clot damages part of the brain), but it can also result from a head injury or infection. What are the effects of hemiplegia? It is difficult to generalise: hemiplegia affects each person differently. The most obvious result is a varying degree of weakness, stiffness (spasticity) and lack of control in the affected side of the body, rather like the effects of a stroke. In one person this may be very obvious (he or she may have little use of one hand, may limp or have poor balance); in another person it will be so slight that it only shows when attempting specific physical activities. What can be done to help? Hemiplegia cannot be cured, but a lot can be done to minimise its effects and help the individual achieve their potential. The person, once diagnosed, will probably be referred to a rehabilitation department of your local or regional hospital. Therapists, who work as part of a wider network of professionals including neurologists and orthopaedic and neurosurgeons, will work in partnership with you to develop his or her abilities. Understanding hemiplegia and knowing how you can help your loved one achieve his or her potential is vital. Your loved ones management will probably be based on a multidisciplinary approach, involving physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and possibly speech therapy where required. A physiotherapist and often an occupational therapist will work closely with each other and with partners or carers, to agree a programme of management with specific goals that are tailored to your loved ones development and needs. The aim will be to improve their participation in everyday activities e.g. social activities, feeding, dressing, and toileting. The therapists will work to develop their skills, assessing posture and providing muscle stretching, and possibly strengthening activities. This will help prevent possible secondary consequences of the condition such as pain or the development of weakened muscles. Goals could include improving function so that your loved one can grasp an object with the affected hand, or walk better. They should take into account the partner/ carers views, the time and effort involved in carrying out therapy activities, the impact on the patient and his/her family and how effective the activities might be. A therapy programme will probably include training partners/carers, and later the induvial him/herself, to carry out exercises or techniques which they should continue to use at home, e.g. during dressing or bathing, so that they become part of the individuals everyday life. The persons progress should be reviewed regularly to assess how well the therapy programme is working and consider whether there is a need for other treatments as well. These might include orthoses (devices, such as splints, fitted to the body to improve posture and/or function); medications or orthopaedic surgery. In general the person with hemiplegia should be treated as normally as possible. It is essential to involve the affected side in everyday activities, to make your loved one as two-sided as he or she can be. Are there other problems associated with hemiplegia? Yes, there may be. Because hemiplegia is caused by injury to the brain, it is not just motor pathways and motor development that may be affected. And despite the developing brains effort to relocate functions to undamaged areas, additional diagnoses may occur. Some of these are medical in nature, such as epilepsy, visual impairment or speech difficulties. Many people have less obvious additional challenges, such as perceptual problems, specific learning difficulties or emotional and behavioural problems. Each patient should be fully assessed and regularly monitored to identify if any of these associated problems are present. What does the future hold? In merely defining hemiplegia with its causes and effects we leave out perhaps the most important issue the shock of diagnosis and the fear of the unknown. When a person is first diagnosed, it is often difficult for a doctor to predict whether problems will be mild or severe later in life. He or she will often adopt a wait and see approach, which the patient and their supporters may find difficult to accept, since they may feel they are not being given all the facts. Understanding hemiplegia and knowing how you can help your loved one achieve his or her potential is vital. Make good use of the specialists dealing with your loved ones hemiplegia. Do ask them questions and make sure you understand their replies, if necessary asking them to repeat them using non- specialist terms. Support Life can be difficult for someone with hemiplegia who want to do the same things as they previously did. They tire more easily and the effort involved in simple tasks can be considerable. They need all the help and encouragement you can give them. And you need support in your turn ideally from others who understand how you feel and with whom you can also share ideas and information. You may find general support groups for disabled patients and their families in your own area your hospital or library should have information. And you may want to a national organisatio

Fight Club :: essays research papers

The movie Fight Club made a great achievement in the film industry, and significantly depicted the social system of the late 20th century. According to most of the reviewers, the success of the film lies behind the fact that almost every American man over 25-years of age is going to inevitably see some of himself in the movie: the frustration, the confusion, the anger at living in a culture where the old rules have broken down and one makes his way with so many fewer cultural cues and guideposts. At heart Fight Club is really a dark parody about consumerist discontent. First of all Fight Club was one of the most direct depictions of modern society. We can visualize the clear criticisms of the movie from the words of Jamey Hughton, â€Å" ‘Fight Club’ is the kind of breathless experience that chews you up, spits you out, and leaves your senses jaded and disorientated with exhilaration.† Secondly, Fight Club was a real evolution of the modern ideals, the emergence of modern atomized individuals and consequently urban alienation. Finally, the movie points out male-female roles and the place of violence in the male identity. Critic, Gary Crowdus, says it best by writing, â€Å"Fight Club members have become so physically impassive, so emotionally anesthetized, and so spiritually numb, that it takes a broken nose, a split lip, or a few cracked ribs to reawaken their deadened nervous systems and to provide them with a meaningful sense of male identity† (4 6). The biggest aspect of the movie was on modern society, which has recently turned out to be consumerism. During the movie this new trend is symbolized by the replica of Tyler Durden, â€Å"You are not your job.† This dialogue was completely dedicated to the shaping power of the consumer culture. The movie is about what happens when a world defines you by nothing but one’s job, when advertising turns you into a slave bowing at a mountain of things that make you uneasy about your lack of physical perfection determined by consumerism, as displayed in the scene where Tyler asks, after seeing a Calvin Kline advertisement, â€Å"is this what a man is supposed to look like?† with simultaneous irony and sincerity, of the self-perceived emasculation of working-class white men, and how much money you do not have and how famous you aren't. It is about what happens when we are hit by the fact that our lives lack uniqueness; a uniqueness that we are constantly told we gained t hrough the enculturation process.

Environmental Ethics

1. Your case study will begin by looking up and writing a solid, detailed definition of: BIO-MAGNIFICATION. In order to understand the ethical dilemmas that corporations are facing we must look at some of the more obvious areas to the public: polluted water supplies, polluted air, dirt, etc. They understand bio-magnification and so does the EPA.Research and explain what this scientifically means and how it is applied when the EPA conducts the testing on ground water, as an example. (one page is required) Bio-magnification is a â€Å"Result of the process of  bioaccumulation  and biotransfer by which tissue concentrations of chemicals in organisms at one trophic level exceed tissue concentrations in organisms at the next lower trophic level in a food chain. – Environmental Protection Agency, 2010 (â€Å"Biomagnification,† 2012). In other words, bio-magnification is the increase in concentration of a substance that occurs in a food chain as a consequence of one of th e following: persistence (cant be broken down by environmental processes), food chain energetics, and or low (non consistent) rate of internal degradation/excretion of the substance (often due to water-insolubility).Biological magnification often times refers to the process by whereby certain substances such as pesticides or heavy metals move up the food chain, work their way into our rivers, lakes and streams, are eaten by aquatic organisms such as fish, which in turn are eaten by large birds, animals or humans. These substances become concentrated in tissues or internal organs as they move up the food chain (â€Å"Biomagnification,† 2012). In summary, bio-magnification is the process whereby the tissue concentrations of a contaminant, such as pesticides or heavy metal, increase as it passes up the food chain through two or more trophic levels. . The second part of this case is about â€Å"genetically modified foods†. Debate the concept that utilitarian is concerned r egarding the rights of consent when dealing with potentially harmful new technologies. (2 pages are required) a. Conduct research on genetically modified foods using at least 2 sources and take a position. What is genetically modified foods? Genetically modified foods  (GM foods, or  biotech foods) are foods derived from  genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by  genetic engineering  techniques.These techniques are much more precise  than  mutagenesis  (mutation breeding) where an organism is exposed to radiation or chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change. Other techniques by which humans modify food organisms include selective breeding; plant breeding, and animal breeding, and  somaclonal variation. Since genetically modified food has been introduced into supermarkets, there has been much controversy as to whether it is actually safe (â€Å"Genetically modified food,† 2012). Genetically modified foods in the US include over 40 plant varieties that have completed all federal requirements for commercialization (Whitman, 2000). . Is it ethical or not to produce these foods? It is ethical to produce the foods as long as the genetically modified foods are being produced for ethical reasons, such as meeting the ever growing hungers need of our world population. One ethical dilemma that is presented with genetically modified foods is â€Å"fairness in the use of genetic information†, which means â€Å"who should have access to personal genetic information, and how it will be used† (â€Å"Genetically modified foods,† 2012)? Another is privacy and confidentiality of genetic information, or who owns and controls genetic information? c. Do the benefits outweigh the costs?The benefits GM foods include enhanced taste and quality, reduced maturation time, increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance. Other benefits of GM foods include improved resistance to disease, pests, and herbicides. Also, new products and growing techniques are benefits of GM foods. Environmental benefits of genetically modified foods include conservation of soil, water, and energy and better natural waste management. The costs of GM foods include potential human health impacts and potential environmental impacts including unknown effects on organisms and loss of flora and fauna biodiversity.Another cost to weigh with GM Foods is the possibility of world food production domination by a few companies. Also, increased dependence on industrialized nations by developing countries is a cost to be considered when thinking about GM foods. Ethically, GM foods run the risk of potentially violating organisms’ intrinsic values and stress for animals. I do not believe the risks outweigh the benefits. I am afraid of what will happen while we are tampering with mother nature. d. Are these foods harmful to human consumption?It is not yet known if the foods are harmful to human consumption. The long term effects on humans after consuming GM foods is not yet known. e. Who is lobbying for this new breed of food? Business, governments, individuals, and why? Who benefits from these foods: financially, ethically, and humanitarian? Businesses lobby for this new breed of food. These businesses can acquire a patent for their GM foods and ultimately corner the market on said food items which is extremely financially beneficial for these businesses.Individuals in third world countries and impoverished countries benefit the most from GM foods. Our governments must find a way to regulate the GM Food industry in such a way that it is ethical and fair to individuals and companies. Thousand of starving people can be saved by implementing the GM food procedures but the risks of long term consumption on the human existence is unknown and therefore makes it very hard to decide whether or not it is ethical to produce GM foods. Works Cited Bioma gnification. (2012, July 8). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Biomagnification Biomagnification. (2012, July 8). Retrieved from http://toxics. usgs. gov/definitions/biomagnification. html Genetically modified food. (2012, July 8). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food Genetically modified foods and organisms. (2012, May 17). Retrieved from http://www. ornl. gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood. shtml Whitman, D. (2000, April). Genetically modified foods: Harmful or helpful?. Retrieved from http://www. csa. com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview. php/review. pdf

Fringe of leaves essays

Fringe of leaves essays Recently there have been huge concerns over the excessive use of water in Australia and the resulting impact on our environment. We all realize that it is necassary to preserve our water, especially since we live in the dryest inhabited continent. there are many ways that science can help us to do this. Technology can help us to recycle waste water, storm water and rain water. what can happen is that there can be different systems for certain things that require water. this is allready often used in the home when basin water is reused in out toilets, a very clever idea since each flush of the toilet uses about 11 L of water! Much of our water is supplied by the murray river. infact we are incredibly relient on it as it supplied water to.... towns and cities. But abuse and over use have left the murray damaged and the water flow disturbed. To help fix this problem it has been decided to drain a lake to help replenish the murray water flow. This is dirrectly related to science as i can't imagine it would be easy to transfer all that water without the use of very tecnologically advanced machinary. Plus scientists of many kinds to ensure the ecosystem isn't disrupted, especially a hydrologist to moniter the flow and determine safe amounts of water input and so on, as well as marine biologists to study the possible effects on the wildlife. Science has recently been used in the Yarra Valley to help conserve our water. Tiny little sensors (called micro eletrical sensors) have been invented that can be placed at strategic places around a property that pick up all kinds of information such as wind speed and direction and air and soil moisture. this will help farmers to grow wine with less water and chemicals as they will know where irrigation is needed, often in advance. These sensors used to be big and expensive, but this newest model is a huge feat due to its size (4mm square) and lesser cost ...

Stateless Nation Essay Example

Stateless Nation Essay Example Stateless Nation Paper Stateless Nation Paper The History and Geography of Gypsies Generations of homeless wanderers known as Aroma/ Romania, or gypsies, currently traverse the vast and varied landscapes of Europe, making up one of the large SST minority groups in that realm. This research paper uses the disciplines of physical, historical a ND cultural geography to explore the migration of Romania, as well as to explain the Cohoes on of gypsy society. Unfortunately, as history will show, the story of the gypsies is one of e exploitation and persecution, a tradition that endures even to the present day. Why did God even create us, if gypsies are to live like this? asked one male g yaps, Abaca, in response to the news that he and his family were having their prop retry destroyed. This story comes out of France, and it demonstrates the major conflict between Or ma and the rest of the European community: citizenship. Government constructs and bureaucrat ICC procedures which evolved to provide security to Europeans have caught one ethnic group in a p replete limbo, keeping them ever on the move after several hundred years. Without a state t o call their own, the Aroma erect encampments wherever opportunity exists. In the case of Abaca and his friends, opportunity existed in Generalities, France. French leaders have taken a staunch opposition to the insurgence of gypsy e encampments, both for their appalling sanitary conditions and for the rising rates of crime w which accompany them. Thus, you encounter men like Abaca, whose camp now lies in upheaval after the bulldozers cleared out the shopping carts and tents that had sustained his co immunity. Turning he page on the camp in Generalities, these gypsies now have three options: they can stay in France and continue to beg. The second option is to accept a gift of 300 euros from the French government in exchange for the voluntary return of the gypsies back to Aroma Nina. The powerful poverty in Romania often makes this offer hard to accept, besides the fact that t most gypsies are not even truly from Romania, and many will prefer to stay in France, begging, or they will choose the third option: to move onto another territory, a destiny which pres .NET a very familiar flavor in the mouths of these gypsies. Where they originate and why the gypsies have lived migratory lives for so mum chi of history was once shrouded deeply in mystery, due mostly to improper record keeping. Genetic testing and linguistic research eventually lead geographers to the conclusion t hat gypsies originated in the Punjab region of India, escaping into the Balkans in the 1200 sass to avoid religious persecution. The area inhabited by the Aroma of early India was under r constant attack by Sunnis and Shiite militants from Afghanistan, and eventually a small group of the affected Indians fled west into Europe. These Indians made up the Romania Diaspora w which exploded out of southeast Asian and middle eastern ancestry, entangling with European D AN during the flight of Romania away from Punjabi. The current makeup of Europe presents pocket s of gypsies all over the region, particularly in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the Balkan states. Leaving India did not bring bluer skies as the gypsies might have hoped, and a pattern soon emerged whereby the Aroma were being pushed out of territory after term rotors, constantly setting up and tearing down. The churches, which had once offered gypsies a room sis of safety as they traveled freely between the European territories, came to distrust the carefree immigrants, especially as they were traveling in and out of Turkey, a home to many enemy sees of the Catholic church. King Ferdinand and his wife, Queen Isabella, began passing laws in Sp main during the 14005 which forbade the free travel of Romania people. According to an essay by Amy Motor, laws in Spain between 1499 and 1 783 passed back and forth bet en aggressive and encouraging, either attempting to expel the gypsies or facilitating their sashimi action. A wave of indignity legislation rippled through the whole continent of Europe, forcing R Oman to travel hundreds of miles in search of territory where they could live and express the messes freely. Things continued on like this for centuries, and during the second World War, gypsies constituted roughly 25% of Germanys holocaust victims. A common ensconce option is that gypsies are wanderers due to a cultural calling, but this practice Stems more a accurately from the fact that gypsies were not allowed to settle. The revulsion towards gypsies comes from deep cultural differences that are often difficult to reconcile. Forced into theft because of their widespread poverty an d lack of resources, gypsies have earned a reputation as thieves who one ought to avoid. This see d of distrust blossomed into a wealth of fables and myths which depicted gypsies as main cal heathens hell-bent on disrupting the fabric of society. Storytellers and magicians, Aroma were labeled liars and witches throughout their early travels, said to spread heresy and devils AK, pulling the rug of morality out from under the feet of otherwise good and wholesome people . It was rumored hat if parents did not keep steady watch over their children, then the children n might just find themselves the victims of a kidnapping by gypsies. Further, the Aroma were a v ere tightening group wherever they wandered, increasing speculation and suspicion relative to the mystery that they let surround them. Documents which convey racist sentiments towards t he darkening Romania have also been uncovered. Centuries of hatred have ultimately culminated in the Romania doing the same thing today that they were hundreds of years ago: wandering. Without any home to call t Eire own, the gypsies are one of the largest stateless nations in Europe. An article published by the Daily Mail in 2013 cites Manuel Balls, Frances Interior minister, demanding that gypsies return to either Romania or Bulgaria after their failure to integrate into French society, and tall KS of denying these two nations of interstate passage have circulated around the countrys political sphere. The inability of Romania to integrate is due largely to the fact that they are pro habited at every avenue from the opportunity to advance in society. Gypsy children are not allowed to tend public schools without any papers, and the parents Of these children a re likewise unalloyed to find jobs. Begging earns enough to buy food in most instances, but this profession carries no illusions of being especially lucrative. Moreover, the stigmas which surround Romania cause friction still between this thoughtfully group and the rest of their Europe mean neighbors, leading to the largesse evictions and deportation methods to who ICC many p Laotians resort. Too, the Romania represent any collaboratively group of people, having no w Ritter records since their departure from India. While many outspoken individuals within the European Union have condemned the deportations for targeting a specific ethnic group, the E Us only recourse exists in threats of sanctions against the nations that impose such policies on their gypsy populations. Unlike France, there are countries that have adopted policies meant to stabilize e the Romania. Graces government created a commission to research alternatives to deporting Aroma, investigating social programs that might foster the continued growth of the gay skies to be a stable and beneficial addition to Greek society. These programs focus attention on c hillier primarily, diving headfirst into the issue of providing them with the access to education necessary to their development. Members of gypsy society are beginning to find a media present CE as well, predominantly in the musical arts. As more and more people learn about the Aroma and their heritage, this demographic becomes a more identifiable and relatable group of individuals, and this reliability will eventually inspire the empathy that is long overdue the gay skies. Bibliography 1. Heathen, Evasive. Romania Culture in America. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Cultural Center, 1985. This source looks at the blending of assimilated Reincarnations and drag conclusions from history about how certain cultural idiosyncrasies developed for the gypsies. . Herdsman, Vladimir. Romania Americans. Every culture, 2014. Web. October 2014. This one is an online source which provided many other good places to look f information. It also gives an overview of the conflicts which led to the Gypsies being pursued out of every place that they decided to call home. 4. Roomer, pericardia. Romania studies. The Gypsy Lore society, 2000. Web. Cot beer 2014. This is a source written by people who were born and raised in the current y Romania culture. It goes over the history of the Romania people, as well as providing vial able information on the state of affairs for gypsies today. 5. Government of Greece. I integrated programmer for the Social Inclusion Of Aroma : Greece. May, 2009. This source is a government document which looks at the issues faced by Or main people as they try to practice their culture across a Europe that is still largely cautious of the gypsies.

The influence of media of Europe and United States America on Middle Essay

The influence of media of Europe and United States America on Middle East and compare the usage - Essay Example Middle East media, particularly in areas of satellite televisions, which eventually raises pertinent questions in regards to the nature and influence of this information explosion. According to Pollack (2011 p.45), tensions between United State and the European Union have been occurring repeatedly since the 2003 Iraq war. It eventually ended up affecting the many areas of the Middle East policy as a result of media coverage. However, none of these states has been able to encapsulate on these tensions as compared to the quest of achieving advanced democracy in the region. The aim of writing this paper is to examine the role of contemporary media coverage, especially television, from both the European and United States America sources on Middle East while also comparing the usage. According to Wehrey (2010), the Middle East region remains to be one of the most cultural and the political intricate regions through the entire world. The Middle East region operates with three religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, whereby all of them trace their origins to the Middle East. Through the presence of rich and diversified cultural history, the Middle East region of today is struggling to find a balance between the â€Å"western† culture and modernization. Most of the influence comes from United States media and the other from European media, with the traditional and religious values of the Middle East region. In some part, due to the struggle and the existent region’s diversity, the media is occupying a special place in the Middle Easter society and its related politics. Bennett & Paletz (1994) also present their views that the media influences all works of life and exercise a profound and an incalculable influence. Coverage on some significant issues such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is an area that occupies the center stage of the media, with the dissatisfaction fed by the media retaining the capacity of spilling out into the street. It is apparent that